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- <text id=91TT0813>
- <title>
- Apr. 15, 1991: The Body Wins Round 1
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- Apr. 15, 1991 Saddam's Latest Victims
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- MEDICINE, Page 62
- The Body Wins Round 1
- </hdr><body>
- <p>Research offers hope that the AIDS virus can be beaten
- </p>
- <p> For the past decade, AIDS researchers have focused on the last
- phase of the infection. Their main question: Why do people with
- the AIDS virus, or HIV, succumb to cancers, opportunistic
- infections and nerve disorders? During the past two years,
- however, a small number of immunologists and virologists have
- started asking a different, and potentially more useful,
- question: Why do so many people with the virus live in such good
- health for so long--in some cases for more than 12 years?
- </p>
- <p> Two groups of scientists from UCLA and the University of
- Alabama believe they have found the beginning of an answer. In
- independent studies published last week in the New England
- Journal of Medicine, the researchers demonstrated for the first
- time that the body launches a massive and effective
- counterattack on the virus soon after the infection begins. If
- doctors can figure out how to reproduce that early, powerful
- immune response, they might be able to develop better medical
- treatments that would postpone--or prevent--the later,
- debilitating stages of the disease.
- </p>
- <p> The researchers required tenacity--and more than a bit
- of luck. After all, to study someone at the beginning of a
- relatively silent phase of the HIV infection, they had to find
- people who did not yet realize they had contracted the virus.
- It turns out that at least a third of HIV-infected people
- develop a fever or a severe sore throat within a few weeks to
- months after first exposure. Such signs, which usually clear up
- on their own, can easily be misdiagnosed as a bad flu or
- mononucleosis. Researchers realized the tip-off would come when
- they tested the patients and found HIV instead of influenza
- viruses or other disease-causing agents. By hanging out in
- hospital emergency rooms and talking to colleagues, the
- researchers identified seven young homosexual men--three in
- Alabama, four in California--suffering from a primary HIV
- infection.
- </p>
- <p> Using advanced laboratory tests that had been developed
- only in the past few years, both sets of scientists discovered
- an explosive growth of virus in the men's bloodstreams. (Half
- of the men were able to pinpoint exactly when they became
- infected, and in each case it was during unprotected sex.) Each
- liter of the men's blood contained as many as 10 million
- infectious viruses. "This is the first time anyone has reported
- such high levels of infectious virus early on," says Dr. Eric
- Daar, a specialist in infectious disease and one of the leaders
- of the UCLA study. "We've never seen these levels before except
- in people with severe AIDS."
- </p>
- <p> Within days after the viral burst, the researchers
- measured a rapid increase in the bloodstream of the number of
- anti-HIV antibodies. These Y-shaped bits of protein sought out
- the virus and targeted it for destruction. Once the antibody
- attack reached full scale in the seven test subjects, the level
- of HIV in the bloodstream dropped precipitously. In the majority
- of cases, the researchers could detect little or no virus two
- to three weeks later. "In other words, the normal immune system
- can shut down the AIDS virus," says Dr. Stephen Clark, who
- organized the study at the University of Alabama. Now
- researchers must figure out exactly how the body puts together
- this early effective defense--and how the virus manages, years
- later, to circumvent it.
- </p>
- <p> By Christine Gorman
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
-